You’re shopping for a PTAC unit—maybe something like the Amana Distinctions 12,000 BTU model with 3.5kW electric heat—and boom: you hit the decision wall.
Electric resistance heat or heat pump?
Both are solid options depending on your region, usage patterns, and goals. But don’t sweat it—I’m Tony the Trusted Tech, and I’ll walk you through the pros and cons of each so you don’t waste time (or money) on the wrong setup.
1. What Is Electric Resistance Heat?
Think of electric resistance heat like a toaster. Power runs through coils, they heat up, and a fan blows warm air into the room.
Pros:
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Instant, reliable heat
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Simple mechanics—less to break
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Works well in very cold climates where heat pumps can struggle
Cons:
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Less efficient than heat pumps
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Higher electric bills over time
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Generates heat only when powered—no energy recovery
In short, electric resistance heat is great when you need simple, fast heating in areas that don’t run heaters for long stretches—or where gas isn’t an option.
👉 For a full breakdown of electric resistance heat and energy usage, check out this detailed guide from the U.S. Department of Energy.
2. What Is a Heat Pump?
A PTAC heat pump uses refrigerant and a reversing valve to provide both cooling and heating—like running your air conditioner in reverse.
Pros:
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2-3x more efficient than resistance heating
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Uses less electricity overall
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Lower long-term operating costs
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Provides both heating and cooling in one efficient loop
Cons:
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Slightly higher upfront cost
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Doesn’t perform as well in subfreezing temps
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More moving parts = potential for more service issues
In warmer climates—especially the South and coastal regions—a heat pump PTAC can cut your electric bill significantly over the life of the unit.
👉 Need backup? Here’s a great resource from Energy Star on how air-source heat pumps work and when to use them.
3. Which One Works Best Where?
Cold Climate:
If you’re in Minnesota, Maine, or anywhere winter likes to punch hard, electric resistance heat is probably your safest bet. Heat pumps struggle to extract enough heat below 20°F.
Mild to Warm Climate:
Living in Texas, Florida, or the Carolinas? Go with a heat pump—you’ll see serious savings on your energy bills, and it’ll still keep you toasty on those rare 40° nights.
Mixed Climate Zones:
Here’s where it gets interesting. If your winters are short but chilly, and you want a balance of efficiency and backup power, consider a hybrid PTAC with both heat pump and electric backup. Some models offer the best of both worlds.
👉 Want more region-specific insights? Check out this helpful HVAC zone map from ACCA (Air Conditioning Contractors of America) used by professionals during load calculations.
4. What About Cost?
| Feature | Electric Heat | Heat Pump |
|---|---|---|
| Initial Cost | Lower | Slightly Higher |
| Monthly Energy Cost | Higher | Lower (up to 50% off) |
| Maintenance | Simple | Slightly more involved |
| Heating Speed | Instant | Gradual |
If you’re installing multiple PTAC units—say, for a motel or apartment complex—that monthly energy savings from heat pumps adds up quick.
5. Maintenance Differences
Here’s what I tell property managers:
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Electric units: Check coils for buildup, inspect fuses, and keep the airflow clear. Simple stuff.
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Heat pumps: Same deal—plus, you’ll need to occasionally inspect the reversing valve, defrost cycle, and refrigerant levels.
But don’t panic—most modern PTACs are built for quick service, and parts are easy to access.
👉 Here’s a good maintenance checklist from FacilitiesNet if you're managing a large property.
6. So, Which Should You Buy?
Let’s break it down one more time, Tony-style:
Go with electric heat if:
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You live in a cold climate with extended subfreezing temperatures
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Simplicity and reliability matter more than energy savings
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You need instant heat and don’t want to mess with refrigerant diagnostics
Go with a heat pump if:
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You live in a region with mild to moderate winters
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Energy efficiency is a priority
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You want a more modern system with year-round savings
Still unsure? You can even find dual units that offer a heat pump primary mode with electric backup for those rare frigid days. It’s a bit more upfront but gives you the flexibility to adapt.
Whether you're installing a single PTAC for your in-law suite or managing 100 rooms in a coastal resort, knowing the difference between these heating options can save you a world of stress down the line.
My Next artice will cover topic on: What BTU Rating Do You Need for a PTAC? Sizing Tips from a Pro
